Localization/delocalization of charges in bay-linked perylene bisimides.

The copper-mediated Ullmann coupling of 1,7-dibromoperylene bisimides afforded structurally perfect singly-linked perylene bisimide (PBI) arrays, whilst the homo-coupling of 1,12-dibromoperylene bisimides gave doubly-linked and triply-linked diperylene bisimides. The interactions of three bay-linked diperylene bisimides that differed in their linkage (singly, doubly, and triply) were investigated in their neutral and reduced forms (mono-anion to tetra-anion). UV/Vis absorption and fluorescence spectroscopy revealed different degrees of interaction, which was explained by exciton coupling and conjugation effects. The electrochemical properties and spectroelectrochemistry also showed quite-different degrees of PBI interactions in the reduced mixed-valence species, which was apparent by the observation of CT bands. The interpretation of the experimental findings was supported by spin-restricted and -unrestricted DFT and time-dependent TD-DFT calculations with the long-range-corrected CAM-B3LYP functional. Accordingly, the degree of interaction in both the neutral and reduced forms of the bay-linked PBIs was qualitatively in the order doubly linked<singly linked << triply linked, owing to the different degrees of twisting and flexibility between the two PBIs moieties. Only triply linked diPBI showed completely delocalized wavefunctions over the entire π-system.